When people suffer a stroke or brain injury, physical therapy can be an important part of their recovery. Physical therapy may also be required for other common conditions such as spinal cord injuries or nerve damage. Neurorehabilitation is an area where
artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important.
What Exactly is AI?
AI refers to the ability of computers and machines to perform specific tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, speech recognition, and decision-making. In neurorehabilitation, AI can help improve the effectiveness and efficiency of treatment and personalize patient care.
Some robots target hand-eye coordination, which is often needed by
stroke patients. By incorporating elements from games, the treatment becomes more enjoyable, and patients are more motivated to perform exercises and engage for longer periods. Another area where
robot technology is available is walking. Robotic actuators help place one foot in front of the other.
For
bedridden patients, physical therapy is particularly important. Studies have shown that bedridden patients quickly lose muscle mass if they do not exercise.
Another rehabilitation approach involves an
overhead rail system and an exoskeleton. Support ropes attached to the rail prevent the patient from falling. The exoskeleton helps the patient perform the correct walking movements.
There are various AI-supported therapies used in neurorehabilitation, including applications such as:
Kaia Health is an app that offers training programs to improve back pain and rehabilitate after surgeries. AI is used to personalize training plans and monitor the patient’s progress.
AiCure is an app that helps patients take their medications. AI is used to monitor medication intake by the patient and notify doctors if the patient forgets to take a medication.
Cognivue is a therapy that uses AI to assess the patient’s cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention. AI analyzes data and adjusts the therapy to the patient’s needs.
Robotic Therapies
Robotic therapies are also an important part of neurorehabilitation.
The system uses the Kinect camera to capture the user’s movements and then provide real-time feedback that helps the user correct their movements and posture. The AI integrated into the system analyzes the data from the Kinect camera to provide accurate and helpful feedback. The biofeedback system can be used in various ways, such as in injury rehabilitation, performance improvement, or posture correction.
PARO, a robotic seal, is used in therapy for patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s. AI is used to adapt the robot’s interaction based on the patient’s emotions and behavior.
Pepper is a humanoid robot used in various therapies, such as therapy for autistic children, elderly patients, and patients with intellectual disabilities. AI is used to adapt the robot’s interaction based on the patient’s needs.
Neofect is a therapy focused on the rehabilitation of motor functions with devices such as sensors, virtual reality, and robots. AI is used to analyze results and tailor the therapy to the patient’s needs.
Mabu is a robotic companion used in therapy for patients with chronic conditions such as asthma or diabetes. AI is used to personalize the robot’s interaction with the patient and monitor the patient’s condition.
TUG is an autonomous mobile robot used in hospitals to transport materials and supplies, increasing efficiency and relieving staff.
Advantages:
- Personalized Therapy: AI allows therapy to be tailored individually to the patient. Based on data analysis and monitoring, AI can control the rehabilitation process and adjust the therapy plan for maximum effectiveness.
- Efficiency: AI can speed up and optimize processes in neurorehabilitation. The use of robots and virtual technologies can reduce the workload of therapists and enable faster patient recovery.
- Accessibility: AI allows patients to receive therapy outside of clinics and doctor’s offices.
- Accuracy: AI can measure therapy results objectively and accurately, enabling effective evaluation of recovery. AI can also detect progress or issues early and recommend appropriate adjustments to the therapy plan.
Disadvantages:
- Technology Dependence: The use of AI technology requires specific infrastructure, including the necessary hardware and software, to ensure systems function correctly. This dependence on technology can lead to problems in case of failures or malfunctions, affecting patient care.
- Privacy and Security: The use of AI technology in neurorehabilitation also requires access to sensitive patient data. There is a risk of data breaches and cyber-attacks that could compromise patient safety and the reputation of the treatment center.
- Costs: Implementing AI systems often requires significant investments in technology and staff training. This can lead to higher costs for patients and complicate the funding of neurorehabilitation.
- Limitations of Human Interaction: Although the use of robotics and AI technology in neurorehabilitation can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment, it can also limit the interaction between patient and therapist. Human interaction and personal empathy can be crucial for some patients.
AI-supported therapies undoubtedly offer many benefits for neurorehabilitation. They can help
improve treatment effectiveness by enabling personalized programs and monitoring patient progress. Additionally, they can motivate patients by making the
therapy more interesting and interactive. However, the guidance and support of experienced
physiotherapists remain indispensable.
